Accessibility is a key component of designing inclusive and equitable learning environments. We recommend creating accessible content from the start, rather than in reaction to a specific need at a specific time. Including accessibility in your design process means not only that you save time and effort by not having to retrofit your materials, but your materials are usable by a wide variety of learners with a variety of needs and preferences.
For example, in the built environment, we might think about how a curb cut in the sidewalk was originally designed for wheelchairs, but is also very useful for people pushing strollers, skateboarders, and people on crutches. In the digital environment, video captions were designed to facilitate access to video content for people who are deaf and hard of hearing, they are also useful for students who are learning English, and to understand fast speech.
When designing curriculum and learning environments, the principles of Universal Design for Learning provide a framework for “creating instructional goals, methods, materials, and assessments that work for everyone–not a single, one-size-fits-all solution but rather flexible approaches that can be customized and adjusted for individual needs” (About UDL). Modeled after the Universal Design movement in architecture, UDL’s flexible approach seeks to identify and ameliorate barriers to student participation in the learning environment at the moment of curriculum design.
The 3 UDL Principles – Multiple Means of Engagement, Multiple Means of Action and Expression, and Multiple Means of Representation – speak directly to developing content and activities that are flexible in terms of access, bandwidth, and learner needs and preferences. In your course, this might look like offering students choices in terms of how they “show what they know,” or providing a text alternative for key course content delivered through video or audio.
While there’s a lot to learn about accessibility, and how to create flexible digital materials for your students, many common tools like Canvas, Microsoft Office, and Google Apps have built-in accessibility checkers that diagnose issues for you, and point to solutions. Below, find information about tools that are available at Middlebury to help you identify barriers to learning and create accessible course materials.
Not sure where or how to start? We invite you to schedule a DLINQ consultation if you’d like more information or support for implementing any of these resources.
Universal Design for Learning
“Universal Design for Learning (UDL) is a set of principles for curriculum development that give all individuals equal opportunities to learn. UDL provides a blueprint for creating instructional goals, methods, materials, and assessments that work for everyone–not a single, one-size-fits-all solution but rather flexible approaches that can be customized and adjusted for individual needs.” UDL on Campus
Accessibility Tools in Canvas
Canvas has a range of tools that can help you check accessibility for your course sites. Some of the key tools are shared here.
Accessibility Tips for Commonly Used Tools
Canvas
- General accessibility best practices
- Creating accessible content when working in the Rich Content Editor
- How do I create Accessible Tables?
- Use the built-in UDOIT accessibility checker (from Penn State)
- UDOIT User Guide for Canvas
Equations
- Tips for generating accessible content in MathML and LaTeX (from Penn State)
Google Apps
- Tips for making your document or presentation more accessible
- Live captioning feature in Google Slides auto-generates captions that can be read by a screen reader
Microsoft Office
- Office Accessibility Center
- Run the built-in Accessibility Checker for feedback on the accessibility of your document, presentation, or spreadsheet
- PowerPoint live captioning feature
- How to make your content accessible to everyone?
- How to create accessible PDFs from Office Applications?
- How to make your templates more accessible?
- Microsoft Accessibility Training (Videos)
Multimedia File Conversion
- SensusAccess is a web-based, self-service application that allows users to automatically convert documents into a range of alternate and accessible formats
PDFs
- PDF Formatting Guidelines
- How do I convert documents to PDF?
- How do I create and verify accessible PDFs using Adobe Acrobat Pro?
- How do I fix inaccessible PDFs using Adobe Acrobat Pro?
- How to create accessible PDFs from Office Applications?
- Creating Accessible PDF documents
Video Captioning
- Add auto-generated captions to your Panopto videos
- Add subtitles and captions to YouTube videos
Web Accessibility
- WebAim Color Contrast Checker
- WAVE – Accessibility checker for web pages outside of Canvas
- Designing a website for POUR (Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, Robust)
- Visual design checklist
Additional Resources
- Emergency Distance Learning and Blind Students – resource curated by Dr. Natalie Shaheen
- Accessible Teaching in the Time of COVID – Dr. Aimi Hamraie
- Digital Detox 2021/2: COVID and equitable access to education – Dr. Sarah Lohnes Watulak & Dr. Amy Collier
- 20 Tips for Teaching an Accessible Online Course – Sheryl Burghstahler
- 10 Things to Improve Conference Call Accessibility – Sherry Byrne-Haber